Patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) often experience psychological issues and clinical dysfunctions, which can negatively impact the effectiveness of the treatment. Addressing these challenges is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This clinical trials aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Spirulina (SP) supplementation on craving, psychological distress, sexual performance, and cognitive functions in male receiving methadone. In this double-blind randomized clinical...

CONCLUSION: Psychotherapy appears to be effective for individuals with BPD. Although moderator effects did not remain statistically significant after alpha correction, unadjusted analyses suggested larger treatment effects in individuals with co-occurring anxiety and greater clinical complexity. Importantly, these findings indicate that such comorbidities may not be a contraindication for psychotherapy for BPD.

Predicting when future events will occur is critical for adaptive behavior, yet the brain networks underlying this ability remain unclear. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its rodent analogue, the prelimbic cortex (PL), are known to support the ability to track time and execute decisions in anticipation of upcoming events. Given this, we can expand our understanding of the circuits involved in time-based behavior by looking for regions that interact with the PFC during timing tasks. The...

CONCLUSIONS: Classical psychedelics show therapeutic promise as mental health treatments. Studying them properly presents unique and unprecedented challenges that require researchers to develop sophisticated strategies to navigate nonresponse, expectancy effects, functional unblinding, post-session psychological issues, and possible contagion effects to responsibly advance this field. The NNDC and similar organizations are well-positioned to guide best practices and ensure the responsible...

Cognitive impairments are frequently observed in patients with panic disorder (PD), yet the relationship between sleep quality and cognitive recovery remains underexplored. This study investigated whether improvements in sleep quality during routine psychiatric care are prospectively associated with changes in decision-making in PD. Eighty-one patients with PD and 81 healthy controls were assessed using standardized clinical and cognitive measures, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index...

CONCLUSIONS: MCID estimates differed between disease stages and over different time frames. Using measures of everyday function as anchors to estimate MCID thresholds on these measures will aid the interpretation of how cognitive change translates to important change in everyday life. © 2026 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Older adults have difficulty switching between competing goals with increasing age due to declines in executive function (EF) and changes in brain network connectivity, including the Cognitive Control Network (CCN). Prior research shows that greater global functional connectivity (GFC) in the CCN supports cognitive flexibility. However, it is unclear whether CCN GFC is associated with task-switching in older adults. Task-switching performance relies on both switching and working memory. Mixing...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly stable synthetic organic compounds that are present in air, water, and soil. PCBs have been identified in post-mortem human brains, indicating a possible link between environmental factors and disease risk. Research has revealed an association between PCB exposure and cognitive decline. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate how PCB mixtures relevant to humans affect brain function and cognition. To investigate the effects of PCBs on memory and...

Background: Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) may result in dissecting aneurysm (DA) formation. We aimed to characterize risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with DA in a large, international CeAD cohort. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the Antithrombotic Treatment for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection (STOP-CAD), an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort. Patients with spontaneous CeAD were assessed for DA at baseline and de novo DA formation....

Background/Objectives: Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) increase the risk of mood disorders, which often manifest during young adulthood. However, neuroelectrophysiological investigations of whether adiposity and IR modify electrocortical activity and emotional processing outcomes remain underexplored, particularly in young adults. Therefore, this study used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate whether obesity and/or IR moderate the relationships between brain potentials and affective...

CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, this study indicates a strong effect of chronic HAC, but not short-term HAC, on mortality, further highlights the limitations of self-reported alcohol use in the prediction of all-cause mortality and indicates the value of assessing HAC in addition to smoking.

CONCLUSIONS: At baseline, SAA- sPD PPMI participants have a substantially lower rate of hyposmia, but otherwise cannot be readily distinguished from SAA+ participants based on clinical characteristics. However, SAA- participants have a greater degree of subcortical brain atrophy, and approximately one out of seven SAA- participants received a change in diagnosis. © 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder...

In this commentary on 'Annual Research Review: Early conduct problems - precursors, outcomes, and etiology' by Hyde and colleagues, I discuss the strengths of that review and its heuristic value in inspiring future research directions. The review is an impressive, comprehensive, scholarly, and up-to-date broad summary of the current state of developmental science related to conduct problems. By embracing biopsychosocial/ecological perspective and reviewing constructs and processes across...

OBJECTIVE: Despite being safe and effective, surgery for pediatric epilepsy is underutilized. Social determinants of health (SDoH) are important to consider when examining this treatment gap. This study examined the potential systemic inequities at three different stages in the journey toward epilepsy surgery across the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC).

Self-regulation is the basic capacity to regulate one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Self-Regulation Scale (SRS) among male and female Portuguese youth participants (N = 559 youth, M = 16.51 years, SD = 1.07, range = 14-20 years). The three-factor model composed of the Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral regulation subscales obtained adequate fit, although the fit of the second-order model was also acceptable....