Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are a spectrum of mental health conditions that are the most common pregnancy-related complications in the United States. Despite great strides in developing appropriate pharmacological and psychological treatments, PMADs continue to lack biological measures for diagnosis and prediction. Such measures could be effectively utilized to subtype and mechanistically explore PMADs and appropriately leverage mental healthcare resources. While the literature...

The classification of psychotic disorders has undergone a variety of changes. Since Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum's (Kahlbaum 1874) first descriptions of catatonic states and Emil Kraepelin's (Kraepelin 1883) nosological classification of psychotic syndromes in the second half of the nineteenth century, the diagnostic criteria for these disorders have been repeatedly modified, significantly impacting clinical practice. Eugen Bleuler (Bleuler 1911) coined the term "schizophrenia", emphasizing the...

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates lower memory performance in the first trimester of pregnancy compared with non-pregnant controls and indicates that pregnancy symptoms and shorter sleep duration may be contributing factors.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is primarily produced in the placenta and is essential for neurodevelopment. Specifically, how placental IGF1 production persistently influences the brain is unclear, but with rates of complicated pregnancies on the rise, understanding placental contributions to child outcomes is paramount. We hypothesize that placental Igf1 expression alters fetal neurodevelopment relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of...

Volumetric bone density, microarchitecture, and strength measures using HR-pQCT are valuable measures of bone health in pediatrics. Our cross-sectional study evaluated bone measure reproducibility in pediatric participants using repeat HR-pQCT (XtremeCT II, Scanco Medical) scans of non-dominant distal tibia and radius of 30 healthy children and adolescents (7-17 yr, 47% female) by 2 technicians. Additionally, we examined HR-pQCT and micro-CT of 26 cadaveric distal tibia specimens to evaluate...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with intracranial EEG (TMS-iEEG) has emerged as a powerful approach for probing the causal organization and dynamics of the human brain. Despite its promise, the presence of TMS-induced artifacts poses significant challenges for accurately characterizing and interpreting evoked neural responses. In this study, we present a practical preprocessing pipeline for single pulse TMS-iEEG data, incorporating key steps of re-referencing, filtering, artifact...

CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results are broadly consistent with other findings indicating that low-frequency cannabis use among older adults, including those along the dementia continuum, is generally well tolerated from a cognitive perspective. However, among older adults who used cannabis, elevated symptoms of CUD may negatively impact memory performance. Future research should explore how variations in cannabis use patterns, individual characteristics, and clinical phenotypes influence...

In studies of individuals of primarily European genetic ancestry, common and low- frequency variants and rare coding variants have been found to be associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, less is known for individuals of other genetic ancestries or the role of rare non-coding variants in BD and SZ risk. We performed whole genome sequencing (∼27X) of African American individuals: 1,598 with BD, 3,295 with SZ, and 2,651 unaffected controls (InPSYght...

SCN2A encodes for the alpha subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(V)1.2, which is involved in action potential initiation and backpropagation in excitatory neurons. Currently, it is one of the highest monogenetic risk factors for both epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder. However, SCN2A-related disorders manifest in a broad clinical neuropsychiatric spectrum, including distinct neurological and psychiatric disorders. This clinical heterogeneity presents challenges for mechanistic...

CONCLUSIONS: Building upon previous research finding increased postural sway in autism, we found that combining multiple approaches collectively suggest the critical role of peripheral contributions and visual input in postural sway in autism. Fast-frequency processes that are peripherally-driven may be of particular importance in sway in autistic adults, and should be prioritized in future research to better understand balance performance in autism.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the critical role of maternal exposures in identifying genes associated with structural birth defects such as CL/P and provide new paths to explore for CL/P genetics.

CONCLUSION: Children with BBD and ADHD had more severe BBD scores than peers with BBD only. In the ADHD population, the children not taking ADHD medication had more severe baseline BBD than those taking ADHD medication within the group receiving urotherapy alone but demonstrated improvement in their BBD symptoms. Children with ADHD, regardless of ADHD medication status, were similar in their baseline and first follow-up visit BBD scores and rates of improvement when bowel and/or anticholinergic...

CONCLUSIONS: MCI involves clinically significant DM disintegration, primarily attributable to executive-social network collapse rather than memory decline. Our findings highlight the critical role of attentional control and socioemotional processing deficits in functional impairment, suggesting that targeted interventions-such as metacognitive strategy training and emotion recognition therapy-represent promising approaches for potentially mitigating real-world functional risks.

CONCLUSIONS: We found weak evidence for greater differential responses in brain networks underlying ToM inferences than those involved in empathic responses in autism, consistent with a prior empathy imbalance hypothesis. We outline suggestions for replicating, generalizing and extending these results in future research.

Identifying lesion sites associated with central poststroke pain (CPSP) may facilitate targeted screening for early symptoms, possibly even paving the way for preventive measures and earlier treatment initiation. Here, we test the hypothesis that damage to a nociceptive pathway extending from the brainstem to the cerebral cortex, and including white matter tracts, is associated with CPSP. We investigated the lesion locations of 72 patients with CPSP relative to poststroke comparison subjects...