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Modern psychiatric treatment often necessitates polypharmacy, yet combination regimens carry significant risks of metabolic burden and drug-drug interactions. There is growing interest in and clinical acceptance of rational, mechanism-based drug combinations that are designed around desirable pharmacological properties rather than trial and error. The repurposing of D-cycloserine (DCS) is an example of this shift. An analog of d-alanine, DCS was originally developed as an antibiotic but failed...

Women progress from initial cocaine use to cocaine use disorder more rapidly than men, possibly reflecting cocaine-induced impairments in decision-making. Human gambling task (GT) studies investigating the effects of cocaine use have shown inconsistent findings, with many excluding female participants. We hypothesized that cocaine exposure may affect decision-making in males and females differently. To this end, male and female C57BL/6JRj mice were injected with cocaine or saline for 21 days....

CONCLUSIONS: While women Veterans with fibromyalgia were more likely to receive nonpharmacological approaches, overall receipt for these approaches were low in both women and men. Future work in this area is needed to examine potential barriers to access and engagement.

CONCLUSION: This study found no evidence of increasing intent, lethality or frequency in repeat suicide attempts. This suggests that individuals with mood disorders are not destined for a progressively worsening course when it comes to suicidal behaviour.

INTRODUCTION: At present, there is a shortage of clinicians providing substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, thereby limiting access to evidence-based care. Board-certified psychiatric pharmacists (BCPPs) are doctorate-level, advance trained experts in psychopharmacology and psychiatric disorders, including SUDs.

CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of intestinal parasite prevalence across Madagascar, revealing that A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were highly endemic in the humid eastern regions, while H. nana was most common in dry regions. The findings highlight substantial geographic heterogeneity and underscore the need for regionally targeted, multi-sectoral interventions, including improved sanitation and deworming.

Human action selection under reinforcement is believed to rely on two distinct strategies: model-free and model-based reinforcement learning. While behavior in sequential decision-making tasks often reflects a mixture of both, the neural basis of individual differences in their expression remains unclear. Here, we conduct a large-scale fMRI study with 179 participants performing a variant of the two-step task. Using both cluster-defined subgroups and computational parameter estimates, we find...

Dissemination and implementation (D&I) theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs) guide the translation of evidence into practice, yet their use in international aging research remains understudied. To examine which D&I TMFs are most frequently used in international aging research and how they are applied across different settings and implementation stages. We conducted a citation review of articles citing 83 D&I TMFs identified from a public repository. Articles focusing on adults aged ≥ 60 years...

In this study we describe the Neuropsychological Evaluation of the UPSA (NEUPSA), a structured scoring system of the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment-2 (UPSA-2) aimed at capturing the cognitive processes that underlie functional capacity. We sought to apply the NEUPSA in both healthy and clinical populations (psychiatric disease, substance use), compare NEUPSA scoring against standardized cognitive test performance and test whether the NEUPSA was sensitive to effects of cannabis use and...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent advances in our conceptual understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of DNA repair contributing to autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

The ability of the forebrain to track and integrate respiratory signals, a process known as breathing interoception, is critical for detecting respiratory threats and ensuring survival, yet its neural mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using human intracranial recordings, we identified widespread synchronization between forebrain neural oscillations and breathing rhythms across wakefulness, sleep, and external mechanical ventilation. During wakefulness, localized sites within known interoceptive...

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is a major global health problem with increasing prevalence. Hearing loss has been identified as the most modifiable risk factor for dementia. The Age-Related Cognition and Hearing (ARCH) study is a 3-year prospective, controlled, observational comparative cohort study comparing cochlear implants (Implants) and hearing aids (HAs) for reducing cognitive decline associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL), based on patient-reported real-world outcomes of auditory...

Accurately predicting long-term outcomes after stroke remains a key challenge in personalized medicine. Here, we present a neuroimaging platform that forecasts individualized cognitive outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke using deep learning-based lesion segmentation and location-/network-based features. This novel, fully automated system is capable of processing raw DICOM MRI data from heterogeneous scanners and generating text-based, personalized outcome information. To demonstrate this...

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect associations between psychological pain, decision-making and suicidality in patients with schizophrenia, with particular emphasis on lifetime suicide attempt history and current suicidal ideation severity.