BACKGROUND: Road injuries are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Years of international efforts have aimed to strengthen policy engagement, including the 2020 UN General Assembly's proclamation of the Second Decade of Action for Road Safety (2021-30), targeting a 50% reduction in road traffic deaths and serious injuries by 2030. The aim of this study is to provide estimates to monitor progress and identify intervention gaps.

CONCLUSION: The findings provide preliminary evidence that high-frequency rTMS over the right DLPFC can transiently influence adaptive decision-making performance and is associated with post-stimulation modulation of β-band activity. The dissociation between behavioral effects observed during stimulation and EEG changes measured after stimulation suggests that neurophysiological modulation may persist beyond the period of behavioral interference. Given the small sample size and exploratory...

During explicit sequence learning (ESL), micro-offline gains (MOGS) occur during brief rest periods. MOGS are calculated as the difference in sequence speed between the first correct sequence of one trial and the last sequence of the preceding trial. To date, all studies evaluating MOGS have calculated sequence speed from the execution time that occurs between keypresses, but this approach ignores potential contributions from motor preparation which occur prior to the first keypress. Given that...

Most genetic variants associated with complex traits are hypothesized to regulate gene expression. To understand the genetics underlying gene expression variability, we characterized 14,324 RNA-sequencing samples from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program and performed expression and splicing quantitative trait locus (e/sQTL) analyses in six tissues and cell types, including whole blood (n = 6454) and lung (n = 1291). We detected tens of thousands of secondary cis-e/sQTLs, showing that...

BackgroundClinical manifestations of the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, or long COVID, have been well-described. However, few pediatric studies explore the impact on everyday function. The objective was to describe functional outcomes for children and youth with long COVID.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of individuals < 21 years of age with COVID-19 infection seeking care at 21 children's hospitals across the United States was conducted. Using a systematic chart review, children with...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this multicenter observational cohort, IL-6RB use in MOGAD was associated with low relapse rates and a favorable safety profile, though severe infections occurred occasionally. Relapse rates were lower than the group who underwent IVIG less than 1 g/kg every 4 weeks but not significantly different from the group who underwent IVIG 1 g/kg or more every 4 weeks. This supports IL-6RB as a potential relapse-prevention therapy in MOGAD; the wide availability and relative...

CONCLUSION: Among recently diagnosed patients, sustained remotely delivered telehealth counseling and free NRT were well utilized and nearly doubled 6-month quit rates compared with EUC. Findings support the benefit of adopting sustained tobacco treatment within community oncology care settings nationwide.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a central regulator of synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, and reward circuitry, all of which have been implicated in substance use disorders (SUDs). While prior research has focused on total BDNF levels, emerging evidence highlights the importance of its two major isoforms, proBDNF and mature BDNF (mBDNF), which exert opposing effects through differential receptor activation. ProBDNF promotes synaptic weakening and neuronal apoptosis, while mBDNF...

CONCLUSION: These data provide preliminary evidence that glycolysis-enhancing drugs have therapeutic potential in AD.

CONCLUSIONS: Aligning with VHA's access-to-care priorities, VHA rural and highly rural designations better capture veterans who may experience geographic barriers to care. For other VHA access priorities, such as temporal access, integrating additional data may be necessary to refine rural-urban taxonomies.

CONCLUSIONS: Just under thirty percent of participants with smoking exposure and evidence of lung disease on spirometry (PRISm or GOLD 1-4) had pCI, with the highest frequency in PRISm and advanced COPD. Several demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with pCI including airway disease measured via Pi10 on lung CT pointing to a potential link between specific COPD-related physiology and cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVES: Individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) experience both pain and functional limitations which negatively impact quality of life and contribute to years lived with disability. Movement-evoked pain (MEP) is thought to act as a barrier to participation in daily activities, resulting in reduced function. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between knee-specific measures of self-report pain interference, fear avoidance and performance-based MEP, and their associations...

Objective: To describe neuropsychological assessment findings of patients referred from a post-COVID subspecialty clinic. Methods: Clinical data were examined for 54 patients referred between March 2021 and May 2023. Assessment included objective cognitive performance, performance validity testing, self-report of cognitive symptoms (BRIEF-A), depressive and anxiety symptoms (BDI-II/BAI), and fatigue (PROMIS Fatigue-4a). Objective cognitive measures were grouped into domains and examined through...

SCN2A encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Na(V)1.2, a central regulator of action potential initiation and propagation in glutamatergic neurons, and one of the strongest single-gene risk factors for autism spectrum disorder. Premature termination codons in SCN2A are widely considered to produce uniform haploinsufficiency through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, an assumption that underpins current mechanistic and therapeutic models. We generated two mouse lines carrying patient-derived...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that may develop after trauma exposure. PTSD is characterized by considerable clinical heterogeneity. The amygdala's key role in fear conditioning makes it an important focus for investigating the neurobiology of PTSD. However, associations between amygdala volume and PTSD have been inconsistent. The amygdala consists of functionally distinct nuclei. Specific associations between amygdala nuclei volumes and PTSD may account for...