OBJECTIVE: Quantitative assessment of extent of tissue resection following epilepsy surgery requires accurate delineation of the resection cavity on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Current methods for resection cavity masking are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and existing automated approaches exhibit variable segmentation accuracy, particularly on extratemporal resections. We developed MELD-PostOp, a deep learning tool trained and evaluated on a large, heterogeneous cohort...

Functional MRI (fMRI) is widely used to assess brain function, but neural-derived fMRI signals are susceptible to contamination from in-scanner head motion. Preprocessing pipelines often regress out and censor head motion artifacts using six rigid-body motion parameters. However, recent research suggests these head-motion estimates are susceptible to contamination from other sources of noise, such as respiratory rate, body size, and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF), that correspond to...

CONCLUSION: Veterans with AUD-related conditions die younger than those without. This highlights the need for systems-level approaches, including screening, brief interventions, and linkage to postdischarge services, to comprehensively treat AUD.

CONCLUSIONS: Using 9 hospital-level factors that may characterize degree of hospital rurality, we identified 3 clusters that differentiate VHA hospitals and the rural populations they serve.

Chronic aerobic exercise is known to protect against brain and cognitive aging in animals, but it remains unclear whether these benefits are consistent across the span of older adulthood. Using time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) analysis, this study investigated how the associations between changes in cognition and brain network functional connectivity (FC), induced by a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention, vary with age among older adults aged 55 to 80 (n = 107). Participants were divided...

Long COVID has been an important health concern in children and adolescents, yet factors associated with its development remain incompletely understood. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are widely prescribed for pediatric neuropsychiatric conditions and may influence immune and autonomic pathways involved in postinfectious symptoms. Here we show associations between SSRI/SNRI use and long coronavirus disease (COVID)-related...

Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is present in nearly all people with Parkinson disease (PD), contributing to tremendous morbidity and mortality. Highly variable presentations including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, and thermoregulatory dysfunction can substantially affect daily function, safety, medication tolerance, and quality of life. Although autonomic symptoms are frequently encountered in neurologic practice, their management frequently extends beyond the traditional scope of...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings support further investigation of the ACC as a therapeutic target for remediation of psychopathology-associated cognitive impairment.

CONCLUSION: Neuromodulation should be systematically integrated into staged-care models. Standardized protocols and registry-based research are needed to enable the structured and sustainable implementation of neuromodulatory interventions in clinical care.

Post-operative delirium (POD) is a serious complication of surgery particularly in older adults, characterized by acute disturbances in consciousness and cognition and associated with increased mortality and long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its clinical relevance, the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood. To address this, we performed multi-omics profiling of live brain tissue from patients undergoing neurosurgery. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed POD-specific...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Though currently implemented in only one third of departments, our findings suggest those with dedicated genetic counselors directly pursue genetic testing (without referring to genetics) more than those without genetic counselors. Interest in increasing or adding genetic counseling support was high, and though funding was a reported barrier, feasible funding models were described. In the context of limited medical geneticists and expanding precision therapies,...

CONCLUSIONS: Available evidence suggests that IPP is associated with urodynamically confirmed BOO and that a threshold of approximately 10 mm may provide moderate diagnostic accuracy. However, the certainty of these findings is limited by the observational design, relatively small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, and unclear risk of bias in several included studies. IPP may therefore be useful as an adjunct to other clinical findings but should not replace urodynamic evaluation when...

BACKGROUND: The TENDINopathy Severity assessment - Achilles (TENDINS-A) was developed as a patient-reported outcome measure of Achilles tendinopathy related disability but is limited to the English language. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the TENDINS-A to be used in Spanish speaking populations and assess its measurement properties.

BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease of skeletal and cardiac muscle that leads to loss of ambulation and premature death due to progressive myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Deramiocel, a heart-derived cellular therapy consisting of human allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells, improved cardiac and skeletal muscle function in phase 1-2 studies of DMD. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of deramiocel in advanced DMD and support the findings of HOPE-2.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights that a well-structured substance use prevention curriculum can promote early elementary school students' understanding about personal health, brain function, and safe medication use.