Cognitive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and have debilitating effects on quality of life and disease trajectory; however, the underlying brain mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the relationship between functional connectivity and cognition at multiple time points using longitudinal functional MRI (fMRI) and cognitive assessments from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). We calculated resting-state functional connectivity...

The persistence of HIV latent reservoir is the major challenge to HIV cure because latent viruses serve as sources for viral rebound upon ART cessation. Mechanisms regulating viral persistence are not well understood; thus, there is a compelling need for research focusing on addressing the knowledge gap related to HIV persistence. The present study focuses on the effect of extracellular condensates (ECs) on latent HIV/SIV reactivation in the brain in the context of HIV infection using the...

Cognitive deficits are common in primates, particularly in memory and emotional processes. Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), widely used in cognitive and behavioral research, are central to memory studies. The relationship between recognition memory performance and pupillary dynamics in rhesus monkeys remains underexplored. This study investigated pupil dynamics during recognition memory tasks and their physiological correlates in five sexually mature male rhesus monkeys. We measured pupil...

CONCLUSIONS: Baseline cognitive functions, including executive function, did not influence reduction in depressive symptoms during brief psychotherapies. Brief psychotherapies may improve aspects of executive function such as decision-making related to reward.

Impaired decision-making is often seen in people with bipolar disorder (BD), even those undergoing treatment. Targeted therapeutics are therefore needed. People with BD report that cannabis use (CU) attenuates such cognitive and behavioral symptoms. We hypothesized that 1) people with BD who do not use cannabis would exhibit poor decision-making and functional capacity relative to healthy comparison (HC) participants and 2) CU in people with BD would be associated with decision-making and...

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (Long COVID) includes physical and cognitive symptoms that can last long after acute infection. Links between lung pathophysiology and cognitive dysfunction in Long COVID remain largely unexplored. Long COVID participants were recruited from a post-COVID-19 clinic. Participants completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) symptom questionnaires for Sleep Disturbance, Anxiety, Depression, and Cognitive Function, the National Institute...

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this EHR-based cohort study, OSA appeared to be an independent risk factor for the later development of PD and could be modified by early treatment with CPAP. Effective screening measures and protocols for consistent adherence to CPAP may have large impacts on brain health.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Implementation of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for substance use in primary care remains challenging. Care coordination (CC) may strengthen SBIRT by supporting brief interventions, improving referral follow-through, and enhancing continuity. CC models and outcomes vary, however, and no prior scoping review has synthesized these.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that addictive behaviors harm marital satisfaction and family stability. In addition to addiction treatment, policymakers should enhance family support and preventive programs, while clinical practice should provide family therapy and communication and stress management interventions involving both individuals and their spouses.

This study explores the importation model's role in predicting prison misconduct, emphasizing the mediating effect of security threat group membership. Our analysis draws upon archival data from 636 individuals on death row in California. Structural equation modeling examined relationships between pre-prison characteristics-such as psychopathy, age at first arrest, and prior prisons sentences-and prison misconduct. Findings reveal that security threat group membership significantly mediates the...

Chronic pain and its costs will grow exponentially over the next 25 years. The geriatric 5Ms (multicomplexity, mind, mobility, medication, and matters most) have been developed as part of an age-friendly health systems initiative but have yet to be systematically applied to chronic pain management. The current review synthesized evidence of how the geriatric 5Ms are applied to older adults with chronic pain while providing guidance on how each of the 5Ms can be used to deliver age-friendly pain...

Recent studies combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with intracranial micro-sEEG (µsEEG) or intracranial EEG (iEEG) have significantly advanced our understanding of neural circuits and the effects of exogenous stimulation upon them. These studies leverage the high spatial and temporal resolution of µsEEG and iEEG to illuminate the multifaceted and dynamic aspects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-associated neural modulation. This review focuses on TMS-µsEEG TMS-iEEG...

Longitudinal trajectories of Long COVID remain ill-defined, yet are critically needed to advance clinical trials, patient care, and public health initiatives for millions of individuals with this condition. Long COVID trajectories were determined prospectively among 3,659 participants (69% female; 99.6% Omicron era) in the National Institutes of Health Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Adult Cohort. Finite mixture modeling was used to identify distinct longitudinal profiles based...

CONCLUSIONS: Our qualitative findings can help support Veterans Health Administration (VHA)'s efforts to anticipate reproductive healthcare services needed for both men and women. A better understanding of the contextual factors impacting post-military fertility intentions can support VHA's Whole Health approach-understanding what matters to the person, not what's the matter with the person-and potentially improve clinician-veteran communication and inform reproductive healthcare policy...

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