Breathing is generated by brainstem respiratory networks but can be controlled and modulated by forebrain activity. The recent clinical adoption of thalamic electrode implantation during intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) provides a rare opportunity to examine the role of the human thalamus in respiratory control. Here, we tested whether thalamic stimulation alters breathing in 11 patients undergoing iEEG for epilepsy monitoring. Across 412 stimulation trials at 108 thalamic sites,...

CONCLUSIONS: Participants seeking treatment for CUD exhibited selectively increased decisional incentive sensitivity, relative to controls. For the male CUD participants, greater incentive sensitivity was associated with greater VSt DA release and better CRA+V outcome. These findings appear partially consistent with previous findings on cognition and motivation in individuals with CUD, and suggest a heuristic model connecting striatal DA, incentive sensitivity, and CRA+V outcome.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that EMS-based, nonpolice crisis response programs may reduce nonviolent mental health-related EMS calls under specific operational and contextual conditions. The heterogeneous and delayed effects observed provide a benchmark for future evaluations aimed at identifying when and where these models translate into measurable, system-level change.

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BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is one of the most prevalent liver diseases globally, contributing to both economic and health-related challenges. We aimed to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of MASLD from 1990 to 2023, quantify the contribution of identified modifiable risk factors, and project future prevalence up to the year 2050.

Substance use disorders (SUD) remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and access to treatment continues to be inadequate. Primary Care Clinicians (PCCs) are well-positioned to provide long-term SUD care for patients. However, multiple provider-level barriers exist. Collaborative Care Management (CoCM) has proven successful in supporting PCCs in treating psychiatric conditions, such as depression. Our group proposes an addiction-focused modified CoCM that...

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Though infidelity's causes and consequences are widely discussed, the decision-making processes, especially among women, has been largely neglected in the academic literature. This study aims to address this gap by examining the infidelity decision-making process of emerging adult women. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we analyzed in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 22 women who had engaged in infidelity while in committed heterosexual relationships. In contrast with more...

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CONCLUSIONS: Greater connectivity between subcortical threat centers involved in fear processing, memory, and extinction learning characterizes the resting state in PTSD. Future directions include investigating how different interventions, such as brain stimulation, neurofeedback, and psychotherapy, might modulate the aberrant neural networks in PTSD.

Microtubule-affinity regulating kinase 2 (MARK2) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a critical role in microtubule dynamics and neuronal polarity. Rare MARK2 variants have recently been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) [1-3], and here we expand the number of affected individuals, including a familial case. Despite these clinical findings, the functional significance and underlying mechanisms of patient-derived variants...

Prenatal stress affects offspring development. The placenta, an important maternal-fetal mediator, is susceptible to prenatal stress, and its biology affects fetal neurodevelopment, particularly ventral forebrain. Ventral forebrain developmental disruption is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Currently, multiple mouse models are used to study these links. However, each model may induce unique...

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) provides a dimensional framework for connecting psychological disorders to neural systems/processes. We examined how neurophysiological measures of cognitive-attentional (oddball P300) and perceptual-emotional processing (fear-face N170/P200) relate to dimensions of the HiTOP externalizing spectrum. Employing 666 community participants, we fit a model in which antagonistic externalizing and substance problems subfactors, defined via symptom...

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The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science^(1-3). In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts' choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 and 2018, in which, for one claim per study, at least five reanalysts independently reanalysed the...